Pyrometer.



PATBNTED 00T. 29. 1907.

would not deect the pointer suicieutly to carry it .far

enough on the scale to indicate the correct temperature.

f omen.

'CHARLES nrnwrse, or PHr'LinELPnI-n, PENNSYLVANIA.

Praemie-n3.

N9. scenes.-v l speciacation frettenresent Patented' oct. se, 19er.'

Y .sppnmuonmea .rma-y 25.1901. strinse. ssaosz. Y

Tojcll 'it Y i Y In 3, I show the improved thermo-couple which Be'itknown that I, 0mm-mrs B. Tnwnre, a citizen 'I 'prefer to employ in connection with my improved -ofthe United States, residing at Philadelphia, Phila- I delphia'county, Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulimprevement in lyrometers, of which the ollowingisaspecieation-- My inventionrelates to thatA cla fixed point on the scale when 'the thermo-electric couple is idle'and nomment is. through the in*- strument, regardless of the temperature surrounding it.

temperatureoi 100 F., the instrument, Ainstead of reg- -istering accurately the temperature. to which the heat-1 ed end of the thermocouple is exposed, would be faulty; or in other words, the current generated in the couple =My invention has for its principal object to obviate suchdefect, and to produce a. pyrometer which will always indicate on` its scale. #the .temperature of the atmosphere surrounding'the same when current is not passingthroughtheinstrumentf.

' In the drawing, in which likeJ symbols indicate like parts Figure .lx is a top plan view of my improved pyrometer with the L casingremoveds. 2 is an enlarg'cd top plan view of the bearing for the pointerand con., Fig. a is s longitudinal-sees@ of my improved thermoelectric couple'. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on 'the'line :ri-a: vof Fig; 1.v Figs. 5 and- Gare viewsof modi'f cations. l

.Referring to ,the drawingz--2 .represents A the calibrated 4scale for indieatingteinperatures, and 3 the pointer af sie instrument,- suspendea bythe Awir@ 4. The 4 is rigidly attached at its uppeend to one bearings is cqnstmcted- 0f amps or ritbons of materiau (preferably of'brass and iron), rigidly fastened together throughout their length to'fon'n a single compound Thawte 4 is preferablyeonneted at islowgf end to asP of pyrnmeters in which a' thermo-electric couple is employed to generate the' eleetrie mmentmopemte the instrument. In tbecrdinary fom-ei. thermo-electric pyrometer; the or indicator is ad'iusted to stand at a certain consequently, simula the Pyrenes-be adjusted Bay in a temperature of 60 F. and-subsequently be usedin a are so adjusted as to indicate on the scale 2'thetempcraend .jofa helical spring 5, the other end o f said being ixedlyconnefcted to an e'xtension'f` of.

a sleeve '6, ythrough which the wire'lt'erxtends down- 'wardly to the sleeve 4 ofthe pointer. T he 'springhaving relatively 'different coeicients of ieirj'pansionbearing, similar coristructioniand function.- to'theftop 5.,v

pyrometer. this figure, 9 is a section of iron tubing to which one of the wires 10` of the electric circuit of the and extending through suitable insulating material, or

insulating sleeves, 12 in the pipe-9. 13 is a. nut having Asplit ends 13 between which the end of the wire 11 is placed, and which, when the'nut is screwed to place in the end of the pipe'wili be forced towards each other 'and firmly grip the wire. 14`is a protective vcap adapted to be screwed on the end of the pipe'over the nut 13. The Wire 11 is connected to the other Wire 15 ofthe electric circuit of the pyrometer. When the end of th'e couple containing the nut 13 is heated' to a temperature .above that. to which the end to which the wires 10 and l ber ofthe thermo-electric couple also serves as a protector to the wire which 'is made of a less refractory metal The operation, o f my improved 'pyrometer is as follows z-'The pointer of the instrument and its bearings ture of the atmosphere at the place of adjustment. Any. increase of temperature of the atmosphere at the "point of use' above that at the place of adjustment will expand the metals of the helical'bearings 5 and 5', but the brass strips 5, having a greater expansion than the iron strips 5b, will cause the bearing to uncoil to a cer- Y tain extent and swing the pointer to the left 'to a posialways accurate as to the temperature of the atmos-A phere surrounding it, and the cooler end ofthe thermoelectric couple being at substantially such temperature when the instrument is in use, the swing ofthe pointer caused by' the currentV generated by the couple 'and vflowing through, the coil will carry it to a poiiiton the `scale which always accurately indicate the temperature prevailing around the hotter end of the couple. `In Fig. 5 I` show a. modification of my invention, in

. which the scale 2, of b eing stationary, is pivoted at the point 16,- and has attached to it one end of one or more thermo-bars 17, composedl of a brass strip 17 on'one side and an iron strip 175 on the other, the other end of said bar being connected to a fixed point ofthe casing of .the instrument. vThe pointerin this form will not be provided with a thermo-bearing as in 1 and 2, but will have/au ordinary-helical spring or other foim of Inthis modified.` form of device, upon any increase ci temperature above that'to which the instrument is adjusted, the brass expanding to a greater extent than the iron will cause the scale 2 to move on its pivot to the right andl consequently the pointer will indicate on the scale a higher temperature. In Fig. 6 I show still another modification to be used with a stationary scale and a pointer having any ordinary form of bearing. In this modified form the pointerr is constructed of two materials oi unequal expansion yand so placed relatively' to each other that upon any increase of temperature above or below the temperature to which the instrument has been adjusted, the pointer will be bent in a horizontal plane to indicate on the scale the amount of such increase.

While the constructions shown in Figs. 4 and 5 and others may be employed, if desired, I prefer that shown in Figs. l and 2.

The advantages of my invention are that it is simple in construction, very compact, not liable' to get out of order, and exceedingly accurate in operation.

Modifications may be made in the form, construc-I tion, and arrangement of the various parts, and other metals or materials may be substituted for those described which will accomplish the results I accomplish Without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages. I

I claim 1. In a pyrometena scale' member, an indicating member, electrically operated mechanism for actuating the said tubular member and gripping the indicating member, and automatic means responding to changes in'temperature for moving one of said members relatively to the other so us to cause thelndicatlng member to indicate on the scale member the temperature sub' stantially of the surrounding atmosphere when no current is passing through the instrument.

2. In a pyrometer, a scale, an indicator therefor, electrically operated mechanism for actuating the indicator, and bearings for the indicator responding to changes in temperature so as to cause-the indicator to indicate the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere when no current is passing through the pyrometer.

3. In a pyrometer, a scale, an indicator therefor, electrically operated mechanism for actuating the indicator,

and a coiled bearing for the indicator constructed of muterials having different coeiiicients of expansion which will cause Athe indicator to indicate the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere when current is not passing .through the pyrometer.

4. In a thermoelectric pyrometer, indicating mechanism, and a currentenerating member consisting of a tubular member composed of a refractory metal, forming one element of the thermoelectrlc couple, wire composed of a dissimilar metal from the tubular member, passing through the pipe and forming the other element of said couple, a split screw plug screwing into the lower end ot lower4 end of said wire, and circuit wires connected to the pyrometer and to said wire and said tubular member at their upper ends.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand. 4

CHARLES n. TnwiNG.

' Witnesses:

' A. B. AMES,

B. K. MoaroN. 

